Eduardo Ortega y Gasset (1882–1965) was a Spanish politician, journalist and lawyer.

Biography

Born in

Madrid Madrid ( , ) is the capital and most populous city of Spain. The city has almost 3.4 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million. It is the second-largest city in the European Union (EU), and ...

on 11 April 1882. He was the older brother of philosopher

José Ortega y Gasset José Ortega y Gasset (; 9 May 1883 – 18 October 1955) was a Spanish philosopher and essayist. He worked during the first half of the 20th century, while Spain oscillated between monarchy, republicanism, and dictatorship. His philosoph ...

. He became a member of the

Congress of Deputies The Congress of Deputies ( es, link=no, Congreso de los Diputados, italic=unset) is the lower house of the Cortes Generales, Spain's legislative branch. The Congress meets in the Palacio de las Cortes, Madrid, Palace of the Parliament () in Ma ...

after the 1910 general election, in representation of the electoral district of

Coín Coín () is a town and municipality in the Province of Málaga, Spain, c. 33 km west of the provincial capital, Málaga, and about 30 km north of Marbella. The town has an official population of 22,000 inhabitants. Foreigners now mak ...

(province of Málaga). He joined the Liberal fraction. He renovated his seat at the

1914 This year saw the beginning of what became known as World War I, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip. It als ...

, 1916,

1918 This year is noted for the end of the First World War, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, as well as for the Spanish flu pandemic that killed 50–100 million people worldwide. Events Below, the events ...

1919 Events January * January 1 ** The Czechoslovak Legions occupy much of the self-proclaimed "free city" of Pressburg (now Bratislava), enforcing its incorporation into the new republic of Czechoslovakia. ** HMY ''Iolaire'' sinks off the c ...

1920 Events January * January 1 ** Polish–Soviet War in 1920: The Russian Red Army increases its troops along the Polish border from 4 divisions to 20. ** Kauniainen, completely surrounded by the city of Espoo, secedes from Espoo as its own ma ...

and 1923 elections. He joined the

Freemasonry Freemasonry or Masonry refers to fraternal organisations that trace their origins to the local guilds of stonemasons that, from the end of the 13th century, regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities ...

in 1922. During the

dictatorship of Primo de Rivera General Miguel Primo de Rivera's dictatorship over Spain began with a coup on 13 September 1923 and ended with his resignation on 28 January 1930. It took place during the wider reign of King Alfonso XIII. In establishing his dictatorship, ...

, Ortega y Gasset self-exiled to Paris; he became there a close acquaintance of

Miguel de Unamuno Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo (29 September 1864 – 31 December 1936) was a Spanish essayist, novelist, poet, playwright, philosopher, professor of Greek and Classics, and later rector at the University of Salamanca. His major philosophical essay w ...

, collaborating along the latter and Blasco Ibáñez in the ''España con Honra'' magazine. He was one of the founders of the

Radical Socialist Republican Party Radical Socialist Republican Party (PRRS; es, Partido Republicano Radical Socialista), sometimes shortened to Radical Socialist Party (PRS; ''Partido Radical Socialista''), was a Spanish radical political party, created in 1929 after the split of ...

(PRRS) in 1929. He was among the signatories of the

Pact of San Sebastián The Pact of San Sebastián was a meeting led by Niceto Alcalá Zamora and Miguel Maura, which took place in San Sebastián, Spain on 17 August 1930. Representatives from practically all republican political movements in Spain at the time attended t ...

on 17 August 1930. On 15 April 1931, immediately after the proclamation of the Second Republic, he was appointed Civil Governor of the

Province of Madrid The Community of Madrid (; es, Comunidad de Madrid ) is one of the seventeen autonomous communities of Spain. It is located in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula, and of the Central Plateau (''Meseta Central''). Its capital and largest munici ...

. In June 1931, he was replaced as civil governor by Emilio Palomo Aguado. He ran as candidate for the 1931 Constituent election in the constituencies of Ciudad Real, Guadalajara and Granada; elected in the three constituencies, he chose to remain as legislator representing the first constituency. He was expelled from the PRRS in 1932 along , chiefly on the basis of having repeatedly broke

party discipline Party discipline is a system of political norms, rules and subsequent respective consequences for deviance that are designed to ensure the relative cohesion of members of the respective party group. In political parties specifically (often refe ...

. They formed then the ' ("Radical Socialist Left"). By that time he was Master of the Logia Luis Simarro No. 3 in Madrid. A target of right-wing terrorist groups, he suffered an attempt on his life on 7 April 1936, when a bomb hidden in a basket of eggs exploded in his residence at the calle de Rafael Calvo 12. He was appointed

Attorney General of the Republic The Office of the Attorney General of the Republic (Spanish: ''Procuraduría General de la República)'' of the Dominican Republic is a government institution belonging to the executive branch that is responsible for representing the Dominican Stat ...

in December 1936. Exiled to

Venezuela Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in th ...

after the end of the

Spanish Civil War The Spanish Civil War ( es, Guerra Civil Española)) or The Revolution ( es, La Revolución, link=no) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War ( es, Cuarta Guerra Carlista, link=no) among Carlists, and The Rebellion ( es, La Rebelión, lin ...

, he died on 25 February 1965 in

Caracas Caracas (, ), officially Santiago de León de Caracas, abbreviated as CCS, is the capital and largest city of Venezuela, and the center of the Metropolitan Region of Caracas (or Greater Caracas). Caracas is located along the Guaire River in the ...

Works

References

;Citations ;Bibliography * * * * * * * * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Ortega Gasset, Eduardo Members of the Congress of Deputies of the Spanish Restoration Members of the Congress of Deputies of the Second Spanish Republic Spanish Freemasons 1882 births 1965 deaths Civil governors of Madrid People from Madrid Death in Caracas